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    公开号:AT12291U1
    申请号:T0900409U
    申请日:2009-07-24
    公开日:2012-03-15
    发明作者:Joerg Peters
    申请人:Miscanthus Nawaro Innovations S A；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Austrian Patent Office AT 12 291 B1 2012-03-15
    description
    BUILDING MATERIAL WITH VEGETABLE SUPPLEMENT TECHNICAL AREA
    The present invention generally relates to a building material according to the preamble of claim 1.
    STATE OF THE ART
    There are already various building materials based on plant materials known. In order to be able to bind these materials with a mineral binder such as cement, it seems necessary to "mineralize" the plant materials to give a stable compound of the plant materials with the binder.
    It is known, on the one hand, to carry out the mineralization of the plant materials in a separate working step beforehand by means of a so-called pre-mineralization. The main drawback of this method is that the herbal supplement must first be mixed with the mineralizer and then dried. Such a mineralized vegetable supplement can then be mixed and processed on site with binder and water. Another disadvantage of these methods is that these mineralizers, e.g. Aluminum sulfate, are expensive or environmentally questionable.
    In addition, it is known to provide mineralizers in the mixing process of the building materials in order to carry out the production of the building material preferably in one step. This procedure allows to get along without consuming drying the pre-mineralized herbal supplement and therefore to provide a more economically interesting building material available. The problem with known so-called direct mineralizers is that only a weak bond between organic aggregates and the mineral matrix sets, which is expressed by very low compressive strengths.
    On the one hand expresses this insufficient bond between mineral matrix and organic aggregates in building materials with desired low strength by insufficient durability, or durability.
    On the other hand observed in building materials in which a higher strength would be desirable or necessary that the desired strength can not be achieved with known mineralizers and / or that does not meet the structural requirements.
    OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention is based on the object to propose a building material that is easy to procure in terms of its components and to produce the desired properties. A further object of the present invention is to provide building materials which do not have the abovementioned disadvantages or to a very lesser extent, in particular with respect to their strength and / or their durability.
    GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    This object is achieved according to the present invention according to claim 1 by a plant supplement is provided in a building material, wherein the vegetable supplement is preferably in the form of defined crushed particles and wherein the building material further comprises a binder and a mineralizer. According to the invention, the mineralizer consists essentially of amorphous, and / or crypto and microcrystalline silicon and / or silicon-aluminum and / or silicon-iron and / or silicon-aluminum-iron supports of natural and / or artificial-industrial origin or contains these substances. 1/22 Austrian Patent Office AT 12 291 B1 2012-03-15 [0009] For the purposes of the invention, " essentially " in connection with the composition of the mineralizer, a content of at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight and advantageously at least 95% by weight.
    The "mineralization" of the vegetable aggregate with the mineralizer may in one step, i. in principle, the introduction or addition of the mineralizer in the mixing process of binder and optionally mixing water done or as a separate step before mixing. As a result, various technically common process sequences are possible, which have their own advantages depending on the application: [0011] > Undefined mixing sequence, also known as so-called direct mineralization, whereby renewable raw material (vegetable aggregate), mineralizer, mixed water, addition water and binder are processed in a mixing process related to building materials.
    ≫ Mixed sequence with specification of mixing times, similar to a so-called introductory one
    Mineralization, wherein first the vegetable raw material with the mineralizer and possibly a part of the mixing water (mixed water) premixed for a short first time (eg from 0.5 to 5 minutes) in any order of addition and then the binder mixed with the remainder of the mixing water (addition water) becomes.
    The building material according to the present invention is particularly advantageous for the production of ecological and thermal insulating lightweight concrete, masonry mortar, interior and exterior plaster, screed, loose (hardened) beds, and ecological and thermal finished wall elements, building blocks and insulation boards, and absorber materials for noise barriers. The herbal supplement gives the building material in a special way heat and sound insulating properties, including by the resulting Haufwerksporigkeit, and regulated in an excellent way the moisture balance both in the building material itself and in the buildings equipped with this building material. The bulkiness of the building material is normally in the range between 10 and 70% by volume, preferably in the range between 20 and 60% by volume and more preferably between 30 and 55% by volume. The inventors have now found that Mineralizers in the context of this invention are suitable substances which, in contrast to known, inert mineralizers, reactively engage in or participate in the hydration process of the cement. By using these mineralizers in building materials, e.g. Stressing with aggregates of renewable raw materials, it is possible on the one hand to stiffen the cement-stone matrix (so-called matrix effect, see above) and, on the other hand, the properties in the contact zone or at the interface between organic "aggregate". and inorganic matrix with respect to an increase in the bond strength compared to known inert mineralizers proven to significantly improve (so-called interface effect, see.). Concretes with renewable raw materials achieve significantly higher strengths than comparable concretes without mineralizers or with known, so-called inert mineralizers by the addition of the abovementioned mineralizers (see examples described below).
    In addition, analyzes have shown that the mineralizers according to the invention in particular lead to a reduction of potentially existing micro-cavities in the contact zone between renewable raw material and cement, as these are bridged by the increased formation of strength-increasing calcium silicate.
    Mineralizers in the context of the invention are amorphous and / or crypto-and microcrystalline silicon or silicon-aluminum or silicon-iron and silicon-aluminum-iron carrier of natural and / or artificial-industrial origin and can advantageously As by-products or Wertreststoffe incurred in the production of other substances. In the latter case, the invention thus enables a useful and environmentally friendly recycling of such by-products and recyclables by direct recycling and thus saves their time-consuming further treatment and / or environmentally sound disposal. In addition, these substances are after completed reaction with the binder with a relation to the 2/22 Austrian Patent Office AT 12 291 B1 2012-03-15
    Starting material modified semi-crystalline form within the building material permanently bonded before, making them ecologically harmless.
    The mineralizers of the invention are selected from coal ash, wood ash, Schmelzkammergranulat, boiler ash, iron silicate, Gichtstäube, Blähtonmehl and sand, fireclay, metakaolin, burnt slate, tempered phonolite, Bauxite, red mud, quartz, Si sludge, glass flours / glass waste artificial and natural (obsidian and perlite) origin, rhyolites, tuffs, kieselguhr, radiolarites, trass, molerier, gaize, triple, volcanic ash, or mixtures of these substances.
    Without being bound by theory, it is believed that when the building material is hardened, the reactive, i. E. glassy or poorly crystallized silicate and / or alumosilikatatischen constituents of the mineralizers with the resulting during the hydration of the cement Portlandit (Ca (OH) 2) and in particular with the residual strength in the hydration process remaining residual Portlandite further reacts and additional strength-increasing calcium silicate hydrates, which on the one hand build up a chemical compound but on the other hand also an increased mechanical bond by entanglement of the calcium silicate and calcium aluminate hydrates with the plant cell structure to cellulose, the builder of the cell wall of the vegetable aggregate, or the renewable raw material. The mineralizer to be used according to the invention is thus not chemically inert during the setting of the binder, as is the case with known mineralizers. In the known mineralizers, in an upstream step, also known as pre-mineralization, only the "mineral coating" is used. by mixing the vegetable supplement with mineralizer and water and then drying the vegetable supplement produced. This " mineral coating " is compatible with the binder, but during binder bonding (hydration) a chemically inert outer shell. Other known mineralizers, which need not be applied by a pre-mineralization of the vegetable aggregate, but can be introduced immediately with the binder, also do not exhibit such reactivity.
    The experimental results and analyzes indicate that just by the interaction of the reactive mineralizer with parts of existing during the setting of the binder, or resulting chemical constituents, the good properties of the building materials are effected and to an extent that was not expected by the expert. In contrast to known mineralizers, the mineralizer applicable according to the invention does not therefore appear to increase the compatibility of the vegetable aggregate with the (later introduced) binder matrix, but conversely the compatibility of the modified binder matrix with the plant supplement. This theory is confirmed in particular by the fact that the measurements give similarly good results, regardless of the order of addition (mixing method).
    By the targeted addition of finely divided fractions of the mineralizer on the chip surface of the renewable raw material and the penetration thus achieved in the porous, open structure of the vegetable aggregates is achieved that the CSH phases (Calci-umsilicathydrat phases) during the hydration process , stimulated by the reactivity of the mineralizer, grow deeper and more networked into the cell structure of the plant supplements than was previously known. Previous (Vor) mineralizers do not have this effect and even prevent the subsequent ingrowth of the crystals, since they close the cell structure as an inert primer and withdraw it such an advantageous process.
    Thus, a highly enhanced and firmer bond of the cement matrix is obtained not only with the outer surface achievable for the coarser crystals of a conventional binder matrix, but also by utilizing the excess (and otherwise unused) Portland content in the binder matrix by reaction with the finely divided mineralizer into the fine-pored vegetable structure of renewable resources.
    Another positive feature is that the effectiveness of the mineralizer is thereby substantially improved with its fineness, with the highest effectiveness in terms of the achievable ultimate strength of the concrete, with the addition of grain-graded mineralizers or blends of mineralizers is achieved. It seems as if the finer fraction mainly promotes just this effect of ingrowth of the crystals (effect at the interface between plant material and binder matrix, also called interfacial effect), on the other hand a coarser fraction of the mineralizer is more likely to unlock the Portlandite residue (effect within the binder matrix, also called matrix effect).
    It should be noted that, as described above, larger grain sizes, such as e.g. 0.2 - 1 mm, the above-described interface effect not, or insufficiently. In practice, therefore, the mineralizer is used only in the form of fine and Feinstkörnungen.
    Accordingly, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mineralizer, if necessary defined in known devices, is comminuted or ground, e.g. in a vibration mill, and optionally sieved and / or sifted, using only the above fine and Feinstkörnungen.
    As vegetable raw materials for the aggregates are advantageously woods, plants or parts of plants, as well as roots, stems, fruits, fruit stands, leaves or needles, and parts thereof, or parts of plants, which are used as residues from industrial use or food production (eg panicles, fibers, shells, kernels, etc.), advantageously from cultivation or existing on-site sources. It has proven advantageous for certain applications where the mechanical strength of the building material is important when the vegetable renewable resource has hard fibers. For example, miscanthus, hemp shives, hemp fibers, softwood, hardwood, straw, switchgrass, reed, bamboo or similar plants may be used individually or in various combinations.
    The vegetable raw materials are defined crushed before use. The defined comminution is to be understood as purpose-oriented and is dependent on the type of raw material used, the desired properties of the building material and the requirements of the components to be produced. The comminuted particles can be advantageously used e.g. Dimensions of up to 40 mm in length or be formed as granules with a diameter of up to 10 mm.
    The comminution of the renewable raw materials is carried out in a defined manner in known suitable devices, e.g. in a hammer mill. In this case, the settings for producing the desired fractions, e.g. the hammer mill, such as speed, Mahlbahnabstand, etc., and the Siebsätze used with their Lochungsgrößen and shapes made according to the requirements.
    In this way, it is possible to produce and guarantee a highly constant raw material quality from the regionally available and not always the same starting materials for the respective building materials.
    For the preparation of a building material according to the invention with vegetable supplement no other pretreatment of the plant supplement is necessary, in contrast to known methods which require further process steps. Accordingly, the method according to the invention is also characterized by non-use of lime (see, for example, WO 2006/119590, EP 0 139 791), by non-premineralization of whatever kind (see, for example, DE 752 430 C, EP 0 331 666 A1, US Pat. No. 5,314,744, JP 11157904 , FR 2 830 855, EP 0 139 791, CH 409 754), by non-slurrying in alkaline solution (see, for example, EP 0 331 666) by non-use of wetting agents for pretreatment (see, for example, DE 11 69 357) Non-use of a carboxylic acid (see CA 2 616 615), by an unnecessary ripening (EP 0 139 791) or air conditioning (CH 409 754), etc.
    Another disadvantage of known methods is that, regardless of the nature of the known, inert mineralizers, they require a vegetable supplement in the form of dry chips, i. E. the presence of naturally occurring water in the organic raw material is to be avoided as far as possible according to the state of the art. Therefore, in these known methods, the vegetable raw material must first be dried to residual moisture of 15% or less, which of course not only causes additional costs but also poses practical and logistical problems.
    It has now been found to be advantageous that it is advantageous in the direct production of building materials from the individual starting materials in contrast to the known prior art, when the herbal supplement is not too dry, with the longer-lasting release of the intrinsic moisture of the plant Surcharge in the binder / mineralizer matrix the hydration process of the binder grain or the reactivity of the mineralizer seems to favor a high degree and thereby higher strengths can be achieved. This means that, depending on the plant, this should have a residual water content of more than about 20% and may have up to approx. 60%, preferably about 25% to about 55%, the water content being the ratio between water and total substance on the plant material is. It should be expressly understood that thus the building material can also be prepared by means not pre-dried vegetable additives. In principle, the specific weight of the herbal supplement depends on the one hand on the nature of the raw material and on the other hand on the moisture contained therein. To exclude any ambiguity, the following information on the specific dry weight (so-called atro-weight), i. without water and without e.g. related by transport related impurities. This specific dry weight of the vegetable aggregate is preferably between 10 and 350 kg / m 3, in particular between 50 and 280 kg / m 3 and very particularly between 90 and 200 kg / m 3 loose bulk material, depending on the application.
    In the case of direct production of the building material from the individual starting materials, it may be advantageous in a first step, the vegetable supplement and the mineralizer (possibly with some water, especially in dry chips with a water content below 20%) premix (similar to a so-called preliminary mineralization). As a result, the mineralizer, whose function is to better bind the mineral matrix to the organic cell structure, is available at the point where it will react with the subsequently added binder in order, as already mentioned above, to be more complete Connection with the organic fibers and to achieve a better entanglement of the mineral matrix with the organic cell structure by promoting the growth of finer crystals.
    Since it is advantageous in the invention, even with relatively moist (fresh) vegetable raw materials (generally about 25 - 55% water content) to work, but could take damage during prolonged storage but by natural decomposition by microorganisms and fungal infection is a further advantage of this procedure is that the fresh vegetable raw materials are mixed with at least part of the mineralizer according to the invention, which on the one hand binds part of the water content as already described, but on the other hand also influences other conditions such as pH, etc., such that This natural decomposition is inhibited or even prevented.
    Another way of prolonged storage offers the so-called wet storage, whereby by constant sprinkling of the chips with water, the decomposition is inhibited, and a storage of up to two years is possible.
    In all cases, this advantageously results in a simple composition, because the renewable raw materials may be wood or plants from the local forestry or agriculture "on the spot". come. The vegetable additives and the mineralizers can be easily procured, because in particular the vegetable additives are available regionally.
    It has also been found that the building materials described above advantageously have a higher durability than similar known building materials.
    A werterer advantage of the invention relates to the good processability of the building materials, which has been found in practice as an important condition.
    In principle, all hydraulic binders are suitable as binders, but preferably cements according to DIN EN 197 and DIN 1164, preferably CEM I portland cements of strength classes 42.5R and 52.5R or combinations of different cements thereof.
    In the preparation of the building materials described herein with cement as a binder, the amount of mixing water is preferably, as well as in the production of normal concrete, based on the weight ratio of water to cement, known as the prior art water-cement value known (w / z value).
    Experiments and analyzes have now shown that, contrary to the prior art, an increase in strength can be achieved by increasing the water-cement value beyond the known values.
    The recommended w / c value for normal concrete is between 0.5 and 0.7. For example, For example, a cement C25 / 30 of consistency F3 with a water-cement value of 0.63 has a strength of 34 N / mm2, but with a w / c value of 0.85 a reduction of about 60% occurs only 14 N / mm2.
    In contrast, the w / c value of the building materials according to the invention is between 0.6 and 2.5, preferably between 0.70 and 1.50. Surprisingly, even very high values give good (sometimes even better) results in terms of the strength of the resulting building materials. So, e.g. a concrete with wood chips (wood chip concrete) from Example I with a w / c value of 0.96 a strength of 3.8 N / mm2, with a w / c value of 1.25, however, an increase of about 80 occurs % to 6.8 N / mm2.
    Preferably, the building material has a binder to mineralizer weight ratio of between 50:50 and 99: 1, depending on the application, e.g. preferably between 98: 2 and 70: 30 for low strength building materials and up to e.g. preferably between 80:20 and 60:40 for stronger building materials.
    Depending on the purpose of the building material per cubic meter of the finished compacted building material 50 kg to 300 kg, preferably 70 kg to 280 kg of binder used, and 1 kg to 300 kg mineralizer, preferably 8 kg to 100 kg.
    In addition to the components described, further additives may be provided, e.g. those which enable or further improve the machine processing of the building material. This concerns, for example, the addition of lime or gypsum, e.g. for a building material to be used as interior plaster. Both additives serve in this case only to improve the processability of the building materials. Of course, it should be remembered that they are used in amounts that do not adversely affect the physical and mechanical properties of the building material.
    Furthermore, by adding other additives, such as sand in different qualities, different physical and mechanical properties of the building material can be influenced.
    Can be used sand, available as a commercial product in different grains and compositions. It can be used to improve certain mechanical and physical properties and at the same time accept calculated deteriorations (depending on the intended use). The admixture of sand allows the characteristics of certain properties, e.g. However, strength, flexural modulus, Young's modulus, creep, shrinkage, and memory mass are known to improve, but on the other hand lead to partially poorer values with respect to e.g. on weight, thermal insulation, thermal conductivity and workability.
    Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of the building material described above for the production of walls.
    These may be outer walls or inner walls. On the one hand it is possible to make stones out of the building material from which the wall is built. On the other hand, it is possible to provide larger wall elements, which are to be connected accordingly.
    When it comes to the production of exterior walls, bricks, noise barriers or other components with corresponding mechanical requirements, the desired length of the fibers of renewable raw materials in a range up to about 40 mm, or the diameter or grain is at Granules between 0 mm and 10 mm. It has been found that these dimensions set the required mechanical properties, with longer fibers within this range generally to improve the tensile strength and ductility, and thus the fracture and cracking behavior and shorter fibers or granules are easier to work.
    A preferred embodiment relates to the use of the building material described above for the production of sound and / or heat insulating components.
    If so are also associated with mechanical requirements, reference is made to the statements in connection with the walls in terms of the remaining size of the crushed vegetable raw materials.
    In addition to the use of the building material, it proves to be in connection with the sound insulation and absorption also advantageous to make the outer structures of the components accordingly. Thus, for example, a lamellar outer structure proves to be advantageous for the production of sound absorber surfaces.
    As already mentioned, the invention also relates to the use of the building material described above for the production of mortar or plaster.
    If the building material is to be used as plaster, the grain size of the vegetable aggregate is advantageously in the range, for example, between 0 and 1 mm for fine plasters, 0 and 3 mm for normal plasters and 0 and 5 mm for coarse plaster. This gives, with good mechanical properties, the opportunity to achieve a sufficiently smooth surface. In particular, for use as plaster it should again be noted that then also other substances can be added, such. Lime, gypsum or sand to improve application specific properties, e.g. the processing time or machinability of the building material.
    It can also be a sound and / or heat-insulating plaster or prefabricated panels that can be applied to an existing wall. The existing wall can be made of conventional building materials or of building materials with vegetable additives, such as in the case of the above-mentioned walls made of stones or as prefabricated components.
    The building material can also be prepared as a loose bed, with all starting materials being mixed by one of the methods described above, but the mixture is moved and aerated during curing, e.g. in a drum mixer. It is also possible to make the required movement of the building material during setting on a belt conveyor with simultaneous entry of vibration energy. The so-bound, loose building material can then be stored for further applications without losing its bulk properties due to the previous curing of the binder.
    Subsequently, the further application of the building material produced in this way can be provided in the form of a loose bed for the purpose of thermal and / or impact sound insulation. It is also possible to use the building material in light and / or heat-insulating lightweight concrete constructions or screeds in which you can mix this loose building material on site with additional binder or even with a freshly prepared building material according to the invention and set.
    As can be seen from the described examples of application, another important Austrian patent office AT 12 291 B1 2012-03-15
    Advantage of the invention that can be produced from the building materials, a variety of components, e.g. Walls, screeds, plasters, etc. where they can be combined and processed in a material-compatible way, since they have very similar material properties, such as elasticity, shrinkage, moisture balance, etc.
    The invention also relates to the use of the building material described above for producing a filling material for filling the compartments of timber-framed buildings.
    Here, the use of building materials with the vegetable supplements continues to prove advantageous because these building materials can be combined well with the load-bearing timber structure of the timber-framed buildings.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
    Embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying figures. These show: [0063] FIG. 1: the Siebliniendiagramm of the vegetable supplement: wood chips (see also
    Table 1).
    Fig. 2: the Siebliniendiagramm of the vegetable supplement: 8x80 mm (see also Table 2).
    Fig. 3: the Siebliniendiagramm the plant supplement: 2.5x50 mm (see also
    Table 3).
    Fig. 4: a Siebliniendiagramm of the vegetable supplement: Miscanthus (see also
    Table 4).
    Further details and advantages of the invention can be taken from the following detailed description of possible embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying figures.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SOME EXAMPLES
    Embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to some examples.
    TESTING / EQUIPMENT
    1. Mixer: [0070] a. Laboratory mixer: Free fall mixer, make: Atika: Type HM130.
    B. Production Mixer: Planetary Counter Mixing Plant, Make: Haarup,
    Type: 1500/4 - 863 2. Weights: The weights of the individual ingredients of the formulations as well as of the finished building materials are measured using a calibrated laboratory balance, e.g. (Core, 36K10N) determined.
    [0074] 3. Water content: The water content of the raw materials is measured with a calibrated laboratory measuring instrument, e.g. ACO Moisture Meter, type UX2031 detected.
    4. Strength: The compressive strengths of the finished building materials after solidification of the cement are determined with a calibrated compression testing machine, for example. Testing compression testing machine, accuracy class 1, up to 2000 KN, type ADR. [0078] 5. Bending tension and modulus of elasticity: Bending tension and modulus of elasticity of the finished building materials are measured with a calibrated compression testing machine, e.g. Testing machine combination for strength, modulus of elasticity, bending tension Accuracy class 1, up to 3000 K, determined.
    [0080] 6. Grading lines: The grading curves of the raw materials are filtered with a screening device, eg. Harer u. Boecker, type EML 300 digital plus, determined.
    [0082] Used Vegetable Aggregate Sieving Sheets Table 1: Aggregate Test A - Planing Chips (Figure 1, Example VI)
    Sieve hole (mm) 0.25 0.5 1.4 2 2.5 4 5.6 8 11.2 16 22.4 Test material quantity residue in seven samples 1 70 g 70 63 59 52 45 31 20 3 1 0 0 residue% 100 90 84.3 74.3 64.3 44.3 28.6 4.3 1.4 0 0 passage% 0 10 15.7 25.7 35.7 55.7 71.4 95.7 98.6 100 100 Table 2: Suffix B - 8x80 (FIG. 2, examples I, Ia, Ib, Ic, V)
    Sieve hole (mm) 0.25 0.5 1.4 2.5 4 5.6 8 11.2 16 22.4 31.5 Test material quantity residue in seven samples 1 357 g 357 357 325 266 189 74 11 3 - - Sample 2 363g 363 363 330 271 197 76 18 8 - - Total 720g 720 720 655 537 386 150 29 11 - - Residue% 100 100 91.0 74.6 53.6 20.8 4.1 1.5 - - Pass% 0 0 8.0 25.4 46.4 79.2 95.9 98.5 - - [0085] Table 3: Suffix C - 2.5X50 (Figure 3, Examples II, IIa, Mb, IV)
    Sieve hole (mm) 0.25 0.5 1.4 2.5 4 5.6 8 11.2 16 22.4 31.5 Test material quantity residue in seven samples 1 302g 302 302 263 169 111 10 0 Sample 2 325g 325 325 284 178 119 16 0 Total 627g 627 627 547 347 230 26 0 Residue% 100 100 87.2 55.3 36.7 4.2 0 Passage% 0 0 12.8 44.7 63.3 95.8 100 Table 4: Suffix D - Micanthus (FIG. 4, Example VI)
    Sieve hole (mm) 0.25 0.5 1.4 2.5 4 5.6 8 11.2 16 22.4 31.5 Test material quantity residue in seven samples 1 204g 204 204 186 156 92 60 5 0 0 0 0 Sample 2 210g 210 210 192 160 97 65 8 0 0 0 0 Total 414g 414 414 378 316 189 125 13 0 0 0 0 Residual% 100 100 91.3 76.3 45.6 30.2 3.1 0 0 0 0 Passage% 0 0 8.7 23.7 54.4 69.8 96.9 100 100 100 100 The values of the tables presented above are appended to FIGS. 1 to 4 as an appendix to the diagram. The vegetable raw materials shredded according to the grading curves are used in this form in the examples described below.
    [0088] 7 drying oven: e.g. Memmert Med. 100 800 9/22 Austrian Patent Office AT 12 291 B1 2012-03-15 Example I: [0091] Mixture building material for walls / stones thermally insulating Basic raw material: - wood chips commercial goods - trade name G30 - spruce / fir Bark proportion < 5% - water content 40% Crushing with a hammermill PHMS 8 - 6 with long hole sieve 8x80 mm, table 2
    Comminuted raw material 222 kg Water content 30% Portland cement CEM I 42.5 R 250 kg mineral aggregate expanded clay sand 0-1 80 kg mixing water 240 kg
    Water Cement (w / c) Value 0.96 Mixture: 1. Chips 2. Mineralizer (T = 3 min) 3. Cement (T = 2 min) 4. Mixing Water (T = 7 min) Finished Building material, compacted
    p-density fresh 792 kg / m3 p-density with equilibrium water content ~ 20% 665 kg / m3 p-density dry (atro) 633 kg / m3 strength 3.8 N / mm2 bending tension 1.6 N / mm2 R λ 0,124 W / mK
    Example 1a: known mineralizer CaCO 3 [0097] mixture building material for walls / bricks thermally insulating [0098] basic raw material: - wood chips commercial goods - trade name G30 - spruce / fir - bark proportion < 5% - water content 40% Comminution with a hammer mill PHMS 8 - 6 with long hole sieve 8x80 mm, table 2
    Comminuted raw material 222 kg Water content 30% Portland cement CEM I 42.5 250 kg Mineralizer CaC03 60 kg mixing water 240 kg
    Water Cement (w / c) Value 0.96 Mixture: 1. Chips + water (T = 2 min) 2. Mineralizer (T = 3 min) 3. Cement (T = 7 min) 10/22 Austrian Patent Office AT 12 291 B1 2012-03-15 [00101] finished building material, compacted
    p-density fresh 772 kg / m3 p-density with equilibrium water content ~ 20% 665 kg / m3 p-density dry (atro) 620 kg / m3 strength 1,45 N / mm2 bending tension 0,45 N / mm2 RA 0,146 W / mK
    Example Ib: known mineralizer Ca (OH) 2 [00103] mixture building material for walls / stones thermally insulating [00104] basic raw material: - wood chips commercial goods - trade name G30 - spruce / fir - bark proportion < 5% - water content 40% [00105] Crushing with a hammer mill PHMS 8 - 6 with long hole sieve 8x80 mm, table le 2
    Comminuted raw material 222 kg Water content 30% Portland cement CEM I 42.5 250 kg Mineralizer Ca (OH) 2 120 kg mixing water 260 kg
    Water Cement (w / c) Value 1.04 Mixture: 1. Chips + water (T = 2 min) 2. Mineralizer (T - 3 min) 3. Cement (T = 7 min) Finisher Building material, compacted
    p-density fresh 852 kg / m3 p-density with compensation water content ~ 20% 750 kg / m3 p-density dry (atro) 670 kg / m2 strength 1.20 N / mm2 bending tension 0.32 N / mm2 RA 0, 18 W / mK
    Example Ic: [00109] mixture building material for walls / stones thermally insulating [00110] basic raw material: - wood chips commercial goods - trade name G30 - spruce / fir - bark proportion < 5% - water content 40% [00111] Crushing with a hammer mill PHMS 8 - 6 with long hole sieve 8x80 mm, table le 2
    Comminuted raw material 222 kg Water content 30% Portland cement CEM I 42.5 R 250 kg Mineralizer CaC03 / MgC03 60 kg mixing water 240 kg
    Water Cement (w / c) Value 0.96 11/22 Austrian Patent Office AT 12 291 B1 2012-03-15 [00112] Mixture: 1. Chips 2. Mineralizer (T = 3 min) 3. Cement (T = 2 min) 4. mixing water (T = 7 min) [00113] finished building material, compacted
    p-density fresh 772 kg / m3 p-density with compensating water content ~ 20% 665 kg / m3 p-density dry (atro) 620 kg / m3 strength 1,48 N / mm2 bending tension 0,45 N / mm2 RA 0,146 W / m K
    Example II: [00115] Mixture building material for walls / bricks not thermally insulating [00116] Basic raw material: - wood chips commercial goods - trade name G30 - spruce / fir - bark proportion < 5% - water content 40% [00117] Crushing with a hammer mill PHMS 8 - 6 with long hole sieve 2,5x50 mm Table 3
    Comminuted raw material 240 kg Water content 30% Portland cement CEM I 42.5 R 280 kg Mineralizers 1. Fire-ground flour 0-0.2 10kg 2. Expanded clay sand 0-1 50 kg mixing water 270 kg
    Water Cement (w / c) Value 0.96 [00118] Mixture: 1. Chips 2. Mineralizer 1 (T = 3 min) 3. Mineralizer 2 + Cement (T = 2 min) 4. Mixing Water (T = min) [00119] Finished building material, compacted
    p-density fresh 850 kg / m3 p-density with compensating water content ~ 20% 730 kg / m3 p-density dry (atro) 680 kg / m3 strength 5.1 N / mm2 bending tension 2.2 N / mm2 RA 0, 17 W / mK 12/22 Austrian Patent Office AT 12 291 B1 2012-03-15 [00120] Example 11a: known mineralizer CaC03 [00121] mixture building material for walls / stones non-insulating [00122] basic raw material: - wood chips commercial goods - trade name G30 - Spruce / fir - bark content < 5% - water content 40% [00123] Comminution with a hammer mill PHMS 8 - 6 with a longitudinal sieve 2.5x50 mm, Table 2
    Raw material minced 240 kg water content 30% Portland cement CEM I 42.5 280 kg mineralizer CaC03 60 kg mixing water 270 kg
    Water Cement (w / c) Value 0.96 [00124] Mixture: 1. Chips + water (T = 2 min) 2. Mineralizer (T = 3 min) 3. Cement (T = 7 min) Finisher Building material, compacted
    p-density fresh 850 kg / m3 p-density with compensation water content ~ 20% 730 kg / m3 p-density dry (atro) 680 kg / m3 strength 1.94 N / mm2 bending tension 0.75 N / mm2 RA 0.175 W / m K
    Example Mb: known mineralizer Ca (OH) 2 [00127] Mixture building material for walls / bricks not thermally insulating [00128] Basic raw material: - wood chips commercial goods - trade name G30 - spruce / fir - bark proportion < 5% - water content 40% [00129] Comminution with a hammer mill PHMS 8 - 6 with long hole sieve 2.5x50 mm, Table 2
    Raw material minced 240 kg water content 30% Portland cement CEM I 42.5 280 kg mineralizer Ca (OH) 2 120 kg mixing water 290 kg
    Water Cement (w / c) Value 1.04 [00130] Mixture: 1. Chips + water (T = 2 min) 2. Mineralizer (T = 3 min) 3. Cement (T = 7 min) 13/22 Austrian Patent Office AT 12 291 B1 2012-03-15 [00131] finished building material, compacted
    p-density fresh 930 kg / m3 p-density with equilibrium water content ~ 20% 815 kg / m3 p-density dry (atro) 760 kg / m3 strength 1.65 N / mm 'bending tension 0.53 N / mm2 RA 0.195 W / mK
    Example III
    [00134] Mixture of building material for walls and stones subjected to higher static load [00134] Basic raw material: - wood shavings merchandise, table 1 - trade name Allspan - spruce / fir - bark proportion 0% - water content <1. 20%
    Comminuted raw material 257 kg water content 8% Portland cement CEM I 42.5 R 270 kg mineral aggregate expanded clay sand 0-1 80 kg mixing water 297 kg
    Water Cement (w / c) Value 1.1 [00135] Mixture: 1. chips + 20% water (T = 2 min) 2. mineralizer (T = 3 min) 3. cement + residual water (T = 7 min) Finished building material, compacts p-density fresh 904 kg / m3 p-density with compensation water content ~ 20% 752 kg / m3 p-density dry (atro) 726 kg / m3 strength 8.5 N / mm2 bending train 2, 6 N / mm2 RA 0.24 W / (mK)
    Example IV
    [00138] Mixture building material for thermal insulation as panel material with plaster base function or filling material for hollow-core blocks for improving thermal insulation [00139] Basic raw material: - wood chips commercial goods - trade name G30 - spruce / fir - bark proportion &lt; 5% - water content 40% [00140] Crushing with a hammer mill PHMS 8 - 6 with a long hole sieve 2.5x50 mm, Table 3
    Comminuted raw material 200 kg Water content 30% Portland cement CEM I 42.5 80 kg mineralizer Fire-ground flour 0 -0.2 mm 10 kg mixing water 70 kg water-cement value 0.88 14/22 (w / c) Austrian Patent Office AT 12 291 B1 2012 -03-15 Mixture: 1. shavings + mineralizer (T = 3 min) 2. cement (T-2 min) 3. mixing water (T = 7 min) [00142] finished building material compacts p-density fresh 360 kg / m3 p-density with compensating water content ~ 20% 350 kg / m3 p-density dry (atro) 322 kg / m3 strength 0,25 N / mm2 bending tension 0,09 N / mm2 RA 0,071 W / (mK) [ 00143] Supplement V: [00144] Mixture building material for walls / bricks thermally insulating [00145] Basic raw material: - wood chips commercial goods - trade name G30 - bark proportion &lt; 5% comminution with a hammer mill PHMS 8 - 6 with long hole sieve 8x80 mm, table 2
    Comminuted raw material. 230 kg water content 55% Portland cement CEM I 42.5 R 250 kg mineralizer fireclay 0-0.2 60 kg mixing water 295 kg
    Water-cement (w / c) value 1.18 [00147] Mixture: 1. shavings 2. mineralizer (T = 3 min) 3. cement (T = 2 min) 4. mixing water (T = 7 min) [00148] finished building material, compacted
    p-density fresh 835 kg / m3 p-density with equilibrium water content ~ 20% 723 kg / m3 p-density dry (atro) 698 kg / m3 strength 6.1 N / mm2 bending tension 2.35 N / mm2 RA 0.195 W / m K
    Example VI: [00150] mixture building material for walls / stones heat-insulating [00151] basic raw material: - Miscanthus, merchandise, chopped 15/22 Austrian Patent Office AT 12 291 B1 2012-03-15 [00152] Crushing with a hammer mill PHMS 8 - 6 with longhole screen 8x80 mm, table 4
    Comminuted raw material 257 kg Water content 30% Portland cement CEM I 42.5 R 260 kg mineral aggregate expanded clay sand 0-1 50 kg fireclay 0 - 0.2 10 kg mixing water 285 kg
    Water Cement (w / c) Value 1.1 [00153] Mixture: 1. shavings 2. mineralizer (T = 3 min) 3. cement (T = 2 min) 4. mixing water (T = 7 min) [00154] finished building material, compacted
    p-density fresh 886 kg / m3 p-density with equilibrium water content ~ 20% 624 kg / m3 p-density dry (atro) 588 kg / m3 strength 1,5 N / mm2 bending tension 0,52 N / mm2 RA 0,122 W / mK
    Table 5: Building material composition
    Cement Additive Density Water w / c Type Festivity class Quantity Type Quantity Fresh T rocke in kg / m3 la CEMI 42.5R 250 CaC03 60 772 620 240 0.96 lb CEMI 42.5R 250 Ca (OH) 2 120 852 670 260 1.04 Ic CEMI 42.5R 250 CaCO3 / MgCO3 60 772 620 240 0.96 Ila CEMI 42.5R 280 CaCO3 60 850 680 270 0.96 Mb CEMI 42.5R 280 Ca (OH) 2 120 930 760 290 1 04 I CEMI 42,5R 250 Expanded clay 80 792 633 240 0,96 II CEMI 42,5R 280 Expanded clay / chamotte flour 50/10 850 680 270 0,96 III CEMI 42,5R 270 Expanded clay 80 928 668 297 1,1 IV CEMI 42,5R 80 Fire-ground flour 10 360 322 70 0,88 V CEMI 42,5R 250 Fire-ground flour 60 835 698 295 1,18 VI CEMI 42,5R 260 Expanded clay / chamotte 50/10 886 588 285 1.1
    Vegetable aggregate Thermal conductivity W / (mK) Compressive strength Mean value 56 days (N / mm2) Water content kg / m3 2.5X50 mm 8X80 mm Wood shaving or Miscanthus la 30% 222 0.145 1.45 Ib 30% 222 0.18 1.20 Ic 30% 222 0.144 1.48 Ila 30% 240 0.175 1.94 16/22
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    AT 12 291 B1 2012-03-15 Austrian Patent Office llb 30% 240 0,195 1,65 I 30% 222 0,124 3,81 II 30% 240 0,17 5,10 III 8% 257 0,24 8,50 IV 30% 200 0.071 0.25 V 55% 230 0.191 6.1 VI 30% 257 0.122 1.5 Examples Ia, Ib, Ic, Ila, Mb are comparative examples and relate to building materials which have been prepared according to the known prior art as described above , Examples I-VI are building materials prepared according to the invention as described above, wherein in Example I, II, III and V emphasis was placed on high compressive strength, in Example IV on good thermal insulation properties and Example VI shows the use of Miscanthus as a renewable raw material. As can be seen from the compressive strength values of examples I-III, the invention makes it possible to increase the compressive strengths considerably in comparison to known otherwise comparable building materials. For non-structural heat-insulating building materials, see Example IV, for their application low strength sufficient, also very good thermal conductivity values can be achieved. Finally, it has been found that the building materials of the invention have improved resistance. Claims 1. Building material with a vegetable supplement, wherein the vegetable supplement is present in the form of non-pre-mineralized comminuted particles, wherein the building material further comprises a binder, preferably cement, and a mineralizer, wherein the mineralizer consists essentially of amorphous and / or krypto- bis microcrystalline silicon and / or silicon-aluminum and / or silicon-iron and / or silicon-aluminum-iron carrier of natural and / or artificial industrial origin, which are selected from coal ash, wood ash, melt chamber granules, boiler ash, iron silicate slag , Gout dusts, expanded clay flour and sands, fireclay flour, metakaolin, calcined slate, tempered phonolite, bauxite, red mud, quartz powder, Si sludge, glass flours / glass waste of artificial and natural origin, such as Obsidian and perlite, rhyolites, tuffs, kieselguhr, radiolarites, trass, moler, gaze, triple and volcanic ash, and mixtures thereof, and wherein the mineralizer is present as a fine grain size of 0 to 0.2 mm, preferably 0 to 0.1 mm.
    [2]
    2. Building material according to claim 1, with a Hupwerksporigkeit between 10 and 70 vol .-%, preferably between 20 and 60 vol .-% and particularly preferably between 30 and 55 vol .-%.
    [3]
    3. The building material according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the binder is a Portland cement CEM I, preferably the strength classes 42.5R and 52.5R.
    [4]
    A building material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the weight ratio of binder to mineralizer is between 50:50 and 99: 1.
    [5]
    5. Building material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein per cubic meter of the finished compacted building material 50 kg to 300 kg, preferably 70 kg to 280 kg of binder are used, and 1 kg to 300 kg of mineralizer.
    [6]
    6. A building material according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the vegetable supplement consists of one or more of the following plant components: miscanthus, hemp sheaves, hemp fibers, softwood, hardwood, straw, switch grass, reed, bamboo, or contains these, and the specific dry weight the plant surcharge between 10 and 350 kg / m3, preferably between 40 and 280 kg / m3 loose bulk material is. 17/22 Austrian Patent Office AT 12 291 B1 2012-03-15
    [7]
    7. Building material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the binder is cement and the water-cement value of the building material is between 0.6 and 2.5, preferably between 0.70 and 1.50.
    [8]
    8. Building material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the comminuted particles of the vegetable aggregate have dimensions of up to 40 mm in length or are formed as granules with a diameter of up to 10 mm.
    [9]
    9. Use of a building material according to one of claims 1 to 8, for the production of walls of masonry bricks, prefabricated wall elements, sound absorbing absorber material, sound insulating and / or heat-insulating components, plaster, mortar, screed, fillings or filling material for filling compartments. 4 sheets of drawings 18/22
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CH701861B1|2014-03-31|
    EP2154117A1|2010-02-17|
    LU91783B1|2011-05-24|
    DE212009000095U1|2011-03-24|
    WO2010010181A1|2010-01-28|
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    CN108101567A|2018-01-12|2018-06-01|李珠|Sintered coal gangue heat-preservation partition board and preparation method thereof|
    CN109053121A|2018-10-07|2018-12-21|天长市禾盛生物质能源科技有限公司|A kind of insulation board and preparation method thereof using biomass energy preparation|
    CN109320176B|2018-12-06|2021-02-23|山东安实绿色开采技术发展有限公司|Coal slime cementing material for mining filling mining|
    CN111004050A|2019-12-05|2020-04-14|辽宁罕王绿色建材有限公司|Preparation method of light ceramic with low heat conductivity coefficient|
    CN112456874A|2020-12-04|2021-03-09|吴迪|Nano-aerogel straw carbon thermal insulation material and preparation method thereof|
    法律状态:
    2019-09-15| MK07| Expiry|Effective date: 20190731 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP20080161068|EP2154117A1|2008-07-24|2008-07-24|Material or dry blend with vegetable aggregate|
    PCT/EP2009/059591|WO2010010181A1|2008-07-24|2009-07-24|Building material with plant additive|
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